What is chromosome? and what does it mean to have an extra chromosome?
What's choromosomes?
Chromosomes are thread- suchlike structures located inside the nexus of beast and factory cells. Each chromosome is made up of a patch of protein and deoxyribonucleic acid( DNA). Passed from parent to seed, DNA contains specific instructions that make each type of organism unique. The term chromosome comes from the Greek words for color( hue) and body( soma).
What do chromosomes do?
The unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool- suchlike proteins, called histones. Without similar packaging, DNA motes would be too long to fit inside cells. For illustration, if all the DNA motes in a single mortal cell were lined up end to end, stripped of their histones, they would stretch 6 bases. For an organism to grow and serve duly, cells must constantly divide to produce new cells to replace old, damaged cells. During cell division, it's important that DNA is complete and distributed unevenly among cells.
Which conditions are caused by an redundant chromosome?
A trisomy is a chromosomal condition characterised by an fresh chromosome. A person with a trisomy has 47 chromosomes rather of 46. Down pattern, Edward pattern and Patau pattern are the most common forms of trisomy.
why choromosomes are important?
Chromosomes are an important part of the process that ensures that DNA is rightly replicated and distributed throughout the maturity of cell divisions. Still, miscalculations be on rare occasions. Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes in new cells can beget serious problems.
For illustration
in humans, a type of leukemia and some other cancers are caused by defective chromosomes made up of spliced pieces of broken chromosomes. It's also important that reproductive cells, similar as eggs and sperm, contain the correct number of chromosomes and that these chromosomes have the correctstructure.However, the performing seed may fail to develop duly, If not. For illustration, people with Down pattern have three clones of chromosome 21, rather than the two clones set up in other people.